Bond Street Underground Station Tube Station Canary Wharf Underground Station Tube Station Farringdon Underground Station Tube Station King's Cross St. Pancras Underground Station Tube Station London Bridge Underground Station Tube Station Tottenham Court Road Underground Station Tube Station Waterloo Underground Station Tube Station Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 has a single-player level named Mind The Gap where most of the level takes place between the dockyards and Westminster while the player and a team of SAS attempt to take down terrorists attempting to escape using the London Underground via a hijacked train. The London Transport brand continued to be used by the GLC. Its first section opened in 1863,[1] making it the oldest underground metro system in the world although approximately 55% of the current network is above ground,[2] as it generally runs on the surface in outlying suburbs. Piccadilly line capacity could be increased by 60% with 33 trains per hour (tph) at peak times by 2025. [223][224] On 23 May 2016 it was announced that the night service would launch on 19 August 2016 for the Central and Victoria lines. As with the Victoria line, the service frequency is planned to increase to 36 trains per hour. [253], Early maps of the Metropolitan and District railways were city maps with the lines superimposed,[254] and the District published a pocket map in 1897. The line and the stations were transferred to the London Overground network in 2010. Harlesden . During air raids in 1915 people used the tube stations as shelters. [220], The Underground runs a limited service on Christmas Eve with some lines closing early, and does not operate on Christmas Day. [218] Since 2010 a dispute between London Underground and trade unions over holiday pay has resulted in a limited service on Boxing Day.[221]. [178][179], The line was upgraded with five new 1992-stock trains in the early 1990s, at the same time as the Central line was upgraded. [135][136] The main purpose of the London Underground's ventilation fans is to extract hot air from the tunnels,[132] and fans across the network are being refurbished, although complaints of noise from local residents preclude their use at full power at night. Private infrastructure companies (infracos) would upgrade and maintain the railway, and London Underground would run the train service. [306] A bold version of the capitals was developed by Johnston in 1929. [50] The Metropolitan promoted housing estates near the railway with the "Metro-land" brand and nine housing estates were built near stations on the line. The free trial proved successful and was extended to the end of 2012,[156] whereupon it switched to a service freely available to subscribers to Virgin Media and others, or as a paid-for service. [262][263], The current standard tube map shows the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Emirates Air Line, London Tramlink and the London Underground;[264] a more detailed map covering a larger area, published by National Rail and Transport for London, includes suburban railway services. The London Underground was the world's first underground railway. The idea of an underground railway linking the City of London with the urban centre was proposed in the 1830s,[21] and the Metropolitan Railway was granted permission to build such a line in 1854. [318], The Johnston Sans letter font began appearing on posters from 1917. The latest of these lines is the highly successful Elizabeth line which was . [168][169] In 2019, the Canary Wharf Group suggested the construction of a new rail line between Euston and Canary Wharf, to improve connections to the future High Speed 2 railway. On 19 August 2016, London Underground launched a 24-hour service on the Victoria and Central lines with plans in place to extend this to the Piccadilly, Northern and Jubilee lines starting on Friday morning and continuing right through until Sunday evening. The words "London Transport" were added inside the ring, above and below the bar. People ask also, what is the longest underground line? Some stations were closed because of low passenger numbers rendering them uneconomical; some became redundant after lines were re-routed or replacements were constructed; and others are no longer served by the Underground but remain open to National Rail main line services. [38] There were other reports claiming beneficial outcomes of using the Underground, including the designation of Great Portland Street as a "sanatorium for [sufferers of ] asthma and bronchial complaints", tonsillitis could be cured with acid gas and the Twopenny Tube cured anorexia. In the original Tube design, trains passing through close fitting tunnels act as pistons to create air pressure gradients between stations. Two people are stabbed outside Harlesden Tube station: Police rush to the scene and Bakerloo line is part-suspended. Over 28 stations will have lifts installed over the next 10 years, bringing the total of step-free stations to over 100. The line operates under traditional signalling and does not use Automatic Train Operation. [92], During the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, the Underground saw record ridership levels, with over 4.3 million people using the Tube on some days. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walkthrough trains and a new automatic signalling system. [108] Trains generally run on the left-hand track. In some places, the tunnels are above each other (for example, the Central line east of St Paul's station), or the running tunnels are on the right (for example on the Victoria line between Warren Street and King's Cross St. Pancras, to allow cross-platform interchange with the Northern line at Euston). Waterloo & City line capacity increased by 50% by 2032, after the track at Waterloo station is remodelled. The alterations to the ventilation system are important, not only to heat exchange, but also the quality of the air at platform level, particularly given its asbestos content. [75], In 1979 another new tube, the Jubilee line, named in honour of Queen Elizabeth's Silver Jubilee, took over the Stanmore branch from the Bakerloo line, linking it to a newly constructed tube between Baker Street and Charing Cross stations. Around 4,000 RMT Union station staff have . 270 stations Since then the Underground network, affectionately nicknamed the Tube by generations of Londoners, has grown to 270 stations and 11 lines stretching deep into the Capital's suburbs, and beyond. [54] The Waterloo & City Railway, which was by then in the ownership of the main line Southern Railway, remained with its existing owners. 2. By Rohan Gupta. [313] The Central London Railway used colour illustrations in their 1905 poster,[314] and from 1908 the Underground Group, under Pick's direction, used images of country scenes, shopping and major events on posters to encourage use of the tube. [98][99] The project involved rebuilding and expanding several central Underground stations including Tottenham Court Road and Whitechapel. Updated: August 2022. [36], While steam locomotives were in use on the Underground there were contrasting health reports. [302], The first posters used various type fonts, as was contemporary practice,[304] and station signs used sans serif block capitals. In the 2010s, consultation events and preliminary design work took place on an extension. The track, electrical supply and signalling systems are also being upgraded in a programme to increase peak-hour capacity. The London Underground map serves as a playing field for the conceptual game of Mornington Crescent[334] (which is named after a station on the Northern line) and the board game The London Game. [8] The network has expanded to 11 lines, and in 2020/21 was used for 296million passenger journeys,[3] making it one of the world's busiest metro systems. The London Underground uses a system of nine concentric zones for the calculation of fares between stations. The London Underground has been running for 160 years. The tiling at Baker Street incorporates repetitions of Sherlock Holmes's silhouette,[302] at Tottenham Court Road semi-abstract mosaics by Eduardo Paolozzi feature musical instruments, tape machines and butterflies, [303] and at Charing Cross, David Gentleman designed the mural depicting the construction of the Eleanor Cross. [204] The Oyster card must be 'touched in' at the start and end of a journey, otherwise it is regarded as 'incomplete' and the maximum fare is charged. [138] In 2012, air-cooling units were installed on platforms at Green Park station using cool deep groundwater and at Oxford Circus using chiller units at the top of an adjacent building. Heathrow Terminal 4 Underground station is accessible via lifts or stairs on Level -1. [145] The first escalator on the London Underground was installed in 1911 between the District and Piccadilly platforms at Earl's Court and from the following year new deep-level stations were provided with escalators instead of lifts. Which underground line has most stations? Kings Cross St Pancras with 6. Its platforms are, on average, 22m below sea level. Almost all of the route, and all the stations, are shared with one or more of the three other sub-surface lines, namely the District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. 3. [81], In April 1994, the Waterloo & City Railway, by then owned by British Rail and known as the Waterloo & City line, was transferred to the London Underground. The London Underground is a metro system in the United Kingdom that serves Greater London and the home counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire. The Underground uses several railways and alignments that were built by main-line railway companies. [100] The railway opened as the Elizabeth line in May 2022. [165] Due to financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, work to implement the extension is currently on hold. [102][103], As of 2021, the Underground serves 272 stations. Coming in second for length and second for number of stations it serves (53), just like the ride itself this line is very much the second 2 Metropolitan line - 66.7km. Victoria) London Overground & Bakerloo line. It was first opened in 1863 and is the second-busiest underground station in the whole of London. Numbers of commissions dropped, to eight a year in the 1950s and just four a year in the 1970s,[312] with images from artists such Harry Stevens and Tom Eckersley. Passengers travelling without a valid ticket must pay a penalty fare of 80 (40 if paid within 21days) and can be prosecuted for fare evasion under the Regulation of Railways Act 1889 and Transport for London Byelaws. Kings Cross-St Pancras has the most lines, Baker Street has the most platforms, Bank-Monument is the biggest complex. The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground or by its nickname the Tube) is a rapid transit system serving Greater London and some parts of the adjacent counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in England. 191 trains have been introduced: 58 for the Metropolitan line and 133 for the Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines. The replacement of the signalling system and the introduction of Automatic Train Operation and Control is scheduled for 201922. [322], Art on the Underground was launched in 2000 to revive London Underground as a patron of the arts. The Central line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. The trains have been replaced with 47 new higher-capacity 2009-stock trains. In some cases, such as Aldwych and Ongar, the buildings remain and are used for other purposes. [61], During the war many tube stations were used as air-raid shelters. Section 10 - Network Rail, London Underground - Individual Working Alone, Underground Electric Railways Company of London, Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway, Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway, The Rail Vehicle Accessibility (Non Interoperable Rail System) Regulations 2010, List of former and unopened London Underground stations, London Underground infrastructure: Ventilation and cooling, London Underground infrastructure: Lifts and escalators, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of listed London Underground stations, Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, List of busiest London Underground stations, "About TfL What we do London Underground Facts & figures", "Public Transport Journeys by Type of Transport", "Annual Report and Statement of Accounts", "National Rail Enquiries London Underground", "An overview of the British rail industry", "London Underground: 150 fascinating Tube facts", "Why are there so few tube lines in South London? [247] A special staff training facility was opened at West Ashfield tube station in TFL's Ashfield House, West Kensington in 2010 at a cost of 800,000. The transfer of responsibility was staged, with transfer of control of London Underground delayed until July 2003, when London Underground Limited became an indirect subsidiary of TfL. [3] It is operated by Transport for London (TfL). [125] Since the early 1960s all passenger trains have been electric multiple units with sliding doors[126] and a train last ran with a guard in 2000. [37] The Metropolitan even encouraged beards for staff to act as an air filter. The Bakerloo, Central, Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria and Waterloo & City lines are deep-level tubes, with smaller trains that run in two circular tunnels (tubes) with a diameter about 11feet 8inches (3.56m). Kings X is also the most popular (in terms of entry and exits), followed by Waterloo, Oxford Circus and Victoria. As of 2021, the record for fastest completion was held by Steve Wilson (UK) and Andi James (Finland), who completed the challenge in 15 hours, 45 minutes and 38 seconds on 21 May 2015. [231][232], As of January2022[update], there are 90 stations with step-free access from platform to train,[154][233][234] and there are plans to provide step-free access at another 11 stations by 2024. [98][100] By increasing rail capacity, the line aims to reduce overcrowding on the Tube and cut cross-London journey times. . Stopping services, which stop at every station on the route, may be described as "all-stations" services. [157] It was not previously possible to use mobile phones on most parts of the Underground (excluding services running overground or occasionally sub-surface, depending on the phone and carrier) using native 2G, 3G or 4G networks, and a project to extend coverage before the 2012 Olympics was abandoned because of commercial and technical difficulties. [216][217] The nightly closures are used for maintenance,[216] but some lines stay open on New Year's Eve[218] and run for longer hours during major public events such as the 2012 London Olympics. On 10 January, The Metropolitan Railway opens the world's first underground railway, between Paddington (then called Bishop's Road) and Farringdon Street. The Piccadilly line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. [3] It is operated by Transport for London (TfL). [292] Holden's design for the Underground's headquarters building at 55 Broadway included avant-garde sculptures by Jacob Epstein, Eric Gill and Henry Moore.[293][294]. [243] Mobile phone apps and services have been developed to help passengers claim their refund more efficiently. The stations were the first on the Underground to have platform edge doors, and were built to have step free access throughout. This pressure difference drives ventilation between platforms and the surface exits through the passenger foot network. [24] It was hailed as a success, carrying 38,000 passengers on the opening day, and borrowing trains from other railways to supplement the service. [310], Early advertising posters used various letter fonts. [69] In the early 1960s, the Metropolitan line was electrified as far as Amersham, British Railways providing services for the former Metropolitan line stations between Amersham and Aylesbury. [260] Although Fred H. Stingemore enlarged the central area of the map, it was Harry Beck who took this further by distorting geography and simplifying the map so that the railways appeared as straight lines with equally spaced stations. These were constructed in 1926 to aid drainage of water from the platforms, but also halve the likelihood of a fatality when a passenger falls or jumps in front of a train.[250][251][252]. [132] Temperatures of 117F (47C) were reported in the 2006 European heat wave. There were many instances of passengers collapsing whilst travelling, due to heat and pollution, leading for calls to clean the air through the installation of garden plants. Travel tools; [255] A Central London Railway route diagram appears on a 1904 postcard and 1905 poster,[256] similar maps appearing in District Railway cars in 1908. [278][279], In 2016, Tate Modern commissioned conceptual artist Michael Craig-Martin to "reimagine" the roundel, changing its colours for the first time since the sign was introduced. When the Bakerloo line opened in 1906, it was advertised with a maximum temperature of 60F (16C), but over time the tube tunnels have warmed up. [48] After the war, government-backed financial guarantees were used to expand the network and the tunnels of the City and South London and Hampstead railways were linked at Euston and Kennington;[49] the combined service was not named the Northern line until later. The London Underground Film Office received over 200 requests to film in 2000. Recurrent architectural structures, an array of surfaces and an abundance of beautifully designed furniture, lighting and details all make London's iconic 150-year-old transport system pretty special. [298] Notable stations from this period include Moor Park, the stations of the Piccadilly line extension to Heathrow and Hillingdon. [211] Called a "Freedom Pass" it allows free travel on TfL-operated routes at all times and is valid on some National Rail services within London at weekends and after 09:30 on Monday to Fridays. Chiltern Railways shares track with the Metropolitan Line between Harrow-on-the-Hill and Amersham. 3 District line - 64km. [16] The Underground first started accepting contactless debit and credit cards in September 2014. The London Borough of Hackney, to the north, has two stations on its border. [276] Crossrail will also be identified with a roundel. 1940: People asleep on the platform of Holborn underground station during an air raid. Of these, five (Amersham, Chalfont & Latimer, Chesham, and Chorleywood on the Metropolitan line, and Epping on the Central line), are beyond the M25 London Orbital motorway. The Bakerloo line between Queen . [192], The Underground received 2.669billion in fares in 2016/17 and uses Transport for London's zonal fare system to calculate fares. Taking a moment to stop, step back, and look around inside some of London's Underground stations will reveal a wonderful display of urban design. [331] The Underground has also featured in music such as The Jam's "Down in the Tube Station at Midnight" and in literature such as the graphic novel V for Vendetta. Today, London Underground delivers approximately 2.5 billion passenger journeys annually on 11 lines, from 272 stations. District Line The District Line has the most stations: 60. The line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground or by its nickname the Tube) is a rapid transit system serving Greater London and some parts of the adjacent counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in England. [78] One person operation had been planned in 1968, but conflict with the trade unions delayed introduction until the 1980s. Hyde Park Corner is on the Northern Line. There are two instances where two separate stations share the same name: there is one Edgware Road station on the Circle, District, and Hammersmith & City lines and another Edgware Road on the Bakerloo line, and there is one Hammersmith station on the District and Piccadilly lines and another Hammersmith station on the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines. [180][181][182], In mid-2014 Transport for London issued a tender for up to 18 trains for the Jubilee line and up to 50 trains for the Northern line. Countries of the World - No Outlines Minefield. [146] In the 1920s and 1930s many lifts were replaced by escalators. [139] New air-conditioned trains have been introduced on the sub-surface lines, but was initially ruled out for the tube trains due to space being considered limited on tube trains for air-conditioning units and that these would heat the tunnels even more. Listed for each of the 273 stations are the lines serving it, local authority and the fare zone in which it is located,[note 1] the date it and any earlier main line service opened, previous names and passenger usage statistics in millions per year. [89], Electronic ticketing in the form of the contactless Oyster card was first introduced in 2003,[90] with payment using contactless banks cards introduced in September 2014. Stations. To enable this up to 50 additional trains will be built in addition to the current 106 1995 stock. London Underground also plans to add up to an additional 18 trains to the current fleet of 63 trains of 1996 stock. [159] UK subscribers to the Three mobile network can use the[160] InTouch[161] app to route their voice calls and texts messages via the Virgin Media Wifi network at 138 London Transport stations. [9], The system's first tunnels were built just below the ground, using the cut-and-cover method; later, smaller, roughly circular tunnelswhich gave rise to its nickname, the Tubewere dug through at a deeper level. Here are the most magnificent Tube stations on the London Underground. [110], The average speed on the Underground is 20.5mph (33.0km/h). All Usage statistics (total entry plus exits) are in millions per year for 2021 , Video of every London Underground Station, Circle and Hammersmith & City lines station, Bakerloo, Circle and District lines station, List of former and unopened London Underground stations, List of busiest London Underground stations, London Underground stations that are listed buildings, "New Northern line stations open today as Tube extends to Battersea Power Station", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_London_Underground_stations&oldid=1132862226, Commercial Road: (Proposed before opening), Nightingale Lane: (Proposed before opening), Ilford North/Cranbrook: (Proposed before opening), King's Cross (Metropolitan line): 18631925, Cranbourn Street: (Proposed before opening), Lisson Grove/Marylebone: (Proposed before opening), King William Street: (Proposed before opening), Moorgate Street (Metropolitan line): 18651924, Seymour Street: (Proposed before opening), East Barnet/Merryhills: (Proposed before opening), Kennington Oval: (Proposed before opening), Paddington (Praed Street) (Circle line): 18681947, Ilford West/Red House: (Proposed before opening), Newgate Street: (Proposed before opening), Ducketts Green/Harringay: (Proposed before opening), Warrington Crescent: (Proposed before opening), Archway Tavern: (Proposed before opening), Arsenal (Highbury Hill): 1932 (suffix gradually dropped), Lombard Street (Northern line): (Proposed before opening), Bayswater (Queen's Road) & Westbourne Grove: 192333, Bayswater (Queensway): 1946 (suffix gradually dropped), Sheaves Hill/Orange Hill/Deansbrook: (Proposed before opening), Burnt Oak (Watling): 1928 (suffix gradually dropped), Chancery Lane (Grays Inn): 1934 (suffix gradually dropped), Trafalgar Square (Bakerloo line): 190679, Charing Cross (Strand) (Northern line): 191415, Charing Cross (Embankment) (Bakerloo & Northern lines): 191415, This page was last edited on 10 January 2023, at 23:39. 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